Aspirants who appeared for the TNPSC Group 2 Prelims exam on September 28, 2025, can now check the unofficial answer key for questions 131 to 140 from the General Studies paper. This TNPSC Group 2 Answer Key 2025 provides the correct option, detailed step-by-step solutions, and important key notes to help you analyse your performance and estimate your score.
TNPSC Group 2 Answer Key 2025: An Overview
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Conducting Body | Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission (TNPSC) |
| Exam Name | TNPSC Group 2 & 2A Prelims 2025 |
| Total Vacancies | 645 |
| Exam Date | September 28, 2025 |
| Official Answer Key Release | First week of October 2025 (Expected) |
| Official Website | tnpsc.gov.in |
How to Use the TNPSC Group 2 Answer Key 2025
Using this answer key for questions 131 to 140 can effectively help you calculate an estimated score and analyse your performance in the exam. Follow these simple steps:
- Compare Your Answers: Go through each question one by one and compare the option you marked in the exam with the “Correct Answer” provided in our key.
- Follow the Official Marking Scheme: To calculate your score, you need to know how the TNPSC Group 2 Prelims paper is graded.
- Correct Answer: You are awarded 1.5 marks.
- Incorrect Answer / Unanswered Question: There is no negative marking. You get 0 marks.
- Calculate Your Estimated Score: Use this straightforward formula to find your probable score: Estimated Score=(Total Number of Correct Answers)×1.5 For example, if you answered 120 questions correctly out of 200, your estimated score would be 120×1.5=180.
- Analyse and Learn: Don’t just stop at the score.
- For questions you got wrong, read our “Detailed Solutions & Key Notes” to understand where you made a mistake.
- This analysis helps you identify your weaker subjects and topics, which is crucial for preparing for the Mains exam or future attempts.
Disclaimer: Please remember that this is an unofficial answer key created for your immediate reference. There may be slight variations from the official key that will be released by the TNPSC. Your final score will be based on the official TNPSC answer key only.
TNPSC Group 2 Prelims 2025: General Studies Answer Key (Questions 131-140) Solutions & Key Notes
TNPSC Group 2 Answer Key 2025 Solutions: Below are the detailed step-by-step explanations for Questions 131–140. These FAQs cover reasoning, maths, Tamil grammar, and general studies answers as per the official exam pattern. Candidates preparing for the upcoming TNPSC Group exams can use these solutions for practice and revision.
Q. 131. Identify the correct order of the table of Precedence
(A) Ministers of State of the Union, Chief Ministers of States, Speaker of the Lok Sabha,
Vice-President.
(B) Vice-President, Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Chief Ministers of States, Ministers
of State of the Union.
(C) Vice-President, Ministers of State of the Union, Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Chief
Ministers of States.
(D) Vice-President, Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Ministers of State of the Union, Chief
Ministers of States.
(E) Answer not known
Correct Answer: (B) Vice-President, Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Chief Ministers of States, Ministers
of State of the Union.
Explanation:
The Indian Order of Precedence (also called Table of Precedence) is the protocol hierarchy followed during official and ceremonial occasions in India. Let me verify the correct order among the given positions:
Official Order of Precedence (relevant positions):
- President of India (Rank 1)
- Vice-President of India (Rank 2)
- Prime Minister of India (Rank 3)
- Governors of States (within their respective states) (Rank 4)
- Former Presidents (Rank 5)
- Deputy Prime Minister (Rank 6)
- Chief Justice of India (Rank 7)
- Speaker of Lok Sabha (Rank 8)
- Cabinet Ministers of Union (Rank 9)
- Chief Ministers of States (within their respective states) (Rank 10A)
- Governors of States (outside their respective states) (Rank 10B)
- Former Vice-Presidents (Rank 11)
- Former Prime Ministers (Rank 12)
- Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha (Rank 13)
- Chief Justice of High Courts (Rank 14)
- Ministers of State of the Union (if Cabinet rank) and any other Cabinet Minister (Rank 15)
Correct Order from the options:
- Vice-President (Rank 2)
- Speaker of the Lok Sabha (Rank 8)
- Chief Ministers of States (Rank 10A – within their states)
- Ministers of State of the Union (Rank 15 onwards)
Therefore, the correct sequence is: Vice-President → Speaker of Lok Sabha → Chief Ministers → Ministers of State
This matches Option B.
📌 Click here to download the PDF of the Table of Precedence – Ministry of Home Affairs
Key Points to Remember:
Top 10 in Order of Precedence:
- President
- Vice-President
- Prime Minister
- Governors (in their states)
- Former Presidents
- Deputy Prime Minister
- Chief Justice of India
- Speaker of Lok Sabha
- Cabinet Ministers
- Chief Ministers (in their states)/Governors (outside their states)
Important Notes:
- Chief Ministers rank higher in their own states (even above Cabinet Ministers)
- Speaker of Lok Sabha ranks higher than Chief Justice of India
- Cabinet Ministers rank higher than Ministers of State
- The order was last revised in 2019
Exam Tip:
- Remember the mnemonic: “PV-PM” for top positions (President, Vice-President, Prime Minister)
- Speaker comes before Chief Ministers in national precedence
- Chief Ministers have dual ranking: Higher in their state, lower outside
- Ministers of State are always lower than Cabinet Ministers and Chief Ministers
Q.132. Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answer to this
item should be based on the passage only.
A nation or society without the participation of women cannot achieve development.
If we eliminate gender discrimination women will deliver all the potentials.
Knowledge to develop the family the nation and the world. As former UN Secretary
General Kofi Annan has stated – Gender equality is more than a goal in itself. It is
precondition for meeting the challenges of reducing poverty, promoting sustainable
development and building good governance.
(A) Steps to be taken to ensure Women Education
(B) Importance has to be given to reduce gender discrimination
(C) Strong measures have to be taken to stop Sexual Harassment of Women
(D) Need for the employment Generation Programmes for Women
(E) Answer not known
Correct Answer: (B) Importance has to be given to reduce gender discrimination
Explanation:
Main Points from the Passage:
- “A nation or society without the participation of women cannot achieve development” – emphasizes women’s role in development
- “If we eliminate gender discrimination women will deliver all the potentials” – DIRECTLY states that eliminating gender discrimination is key
- “Knowledge to develop the family the nation and the world” – women’s potential contribution
- Kofi Annan’s quote: “Gender equality is more than a goal in itself. It is precondition for meeting the challenges of reducing poverty, promoting sustainable development and building good governance” – reinforces that gender equality (i.e., reducing gender discrimination) is fundamental
Analysis of Options:
(A) Steps to be taken to ensure Women Education ✗
- Education is NOT mentioned in the passage
- The passage doesn’t discuss educational measures
(B) Importance has to be given to reduce gender discrimination ✓
- This is the CENTRAL THEME
- Explicitly mentioned: “If we eliminate gender discrimination…”
- Kofi Annan’s quote emphasizes “Gender equality” which means absence of gender discrimination
- The entire passage revolves around this concept
(C) Strong measures to stop Sexual Harassment of Women ✗
- Sexual harassment is NOT mentioned in the passage
- Too specific and not the main focus
(D) Need for employment Generation Programmes for Women ✗
- Employment programs are NOT mentioned
- The passage talks about participation and eliminating discrimination, not specific employment schemes
Why Option B is Correct: The passage’s core message is that eliminating gender discrimination is essential for:
- Women’s participation in development
- Unleashing women’s potential
- Achieving sustainable development and good governance
- National progress
The passage is advocating for gender equality by highlighting the importance of reducing/eliminating gender discrimination.
Key Reading Comprehension Tip:
- Identify the main idea vs supporting details
- Look for repeated themes – here “gender discrimination” and “gender equality” are central
- The correct answer should reflect the overall message, not tangential topics
- Quotes from authorities (like Kofi Annan) usually reinforce the main argument
Q.133. Consider the statements on the national co-operative development coporation
(NCDC) and choose the correct answer
(1) It is a statutory corporation
(2) It is an autonomous organisation
(3) Now it is a public financial institution
(4) Operating under the administrative control of ministry of agriculture and farmer
welfare.
Options:
(A) (2) and (3) only
(B) (1) and (3) only
(C) (1) and (4) only
(D) (2) and (4) only
(E) Answer not known
Correct Answer: (C) (1) and (4) only
Explanation:
Statement (1): It is a statutory corporation ✓ TRUE
- NCDC was established by an Act of Parliament – the National Cooperative Development Corporation Act, 1962
- It came into operation on March 13, 1963
- Being created by a specific Act of Parliament makes it a statutory corporation
- This statement is CORRECT
Statement (2): It is an autonomous organization ✗ FALSE/MISLEADING
- While NCDC has operational autonomy, it is NOT classified as an “autonomous organization” in the strict sense
- It operates under the administrative control of a ministry (see statement 4)
- Statutory corporations have a different legal status than autonomous organizations
- This statement is INCORRECT as the primary classification
Statement (3): Now it is a public financial institution ✗ FALSE
- NCDC is classified as a development finance institution or apex financing agency for the cooperative sector
- It is NOT classified as a “public financial institution” in the technical sense
- Public Financial Institutions typically refer to institutions like NABARD, SIDBI, etc. that have specific regulatory frameworks
- While NCDC provides financial assistance, its primary classification remains as a statutory corporation, not a public financial institution
- This statement is INCORRECT
Statement (4): Operating under the administrative control of Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare ✓ TRUE
- Prior to July 2021, NCDC operates under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (earlier under Ministry of Cooperation)
- Recently (2021), a separate Ministry of Cooperation was created, but NCDC continues under Agriculture Ministry’s administrative control
- This statement is CORRECT
Key Facts about NCDC:
Basic Information:
- Full Name: National Cooperative Development Corporation
- Established: 1963 (Act passed in 1962)
- Type: Statutory Corporation
- Headquarters: New Delhi
- Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
Functions:
- Provides financial assistance to cooperative societies
- Plans and promotes programs for production, processing, marketing, storage, export and import of agricultural produce, food items, industrial goods, livestock, etc.
- Apex financing agency for cooperative sector
- Works for rural development through cooperatives
Key Features:
- Created by Parliament Act (statutory status)
- Not a public financial institution but a development finance corporation
- Focuses specifically on cooperative sector development
- Provides loans and grants to state governments and cooperative societies
Q.134. Match correctly the systems/ideologies with their corresponding names:
| (1) Report of Ryotwari System | 1. Thanthai Periyar |
| (2) Panchamer Schools as Adidravida Schools | 2. Thomas Munro and Francis Ellis |
| (3) Leader fought against Patriarchal Chauvinism | 3. John Rawls |
| (4) Theory of Justice | 4. Ayothidasar and Singaravelar |
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| (A) | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| (B) | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| (C) | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 |
| (D) | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
| (E) | Answer not Known | |||
Correct Answer: (D)
Explanation:
(1) Report of Ryotwari System → 2. Thomas Munro and Francis Ellis
- The Ryotwari System was introduced and reported on by Sir Thomas Munro (Governor of Madras) and Francis Ellis
- This system was implemented in Madras Presidency around 1820
(2) Panchamer Schools as Adidravida Schools → 4. Ayothidasar and Singaravelar
- Pandit Iyothee Thass (Ayothidasar) was a Dalit activist and Buddhist leader who worked for education of oppressed communities
- Singaravelar was also a social reformer who worked for lower caste education
- They advocated for renaming Panchama/Pariah schools as Adidravida schools
(3) Leader fought against Patriarchal Chauvinism → 1. Thanthai Periyar
- E.V. Ramasamy “Periyar” was a prominent social reformer who fought against:
- Patriarchy and male chauvinism
- Gender discrimination
- Brahminical dominance
- Caste system
- He was a champion of women’s rights and gender equality
(4) Theory of Justice → 3. John Rawls
- John Rawls is the famous political philosopher who wrote “A Theory of Justice” (1971)
- His work on justice as fairness and the original position is foundational in modern political philosophy
Q.135. The initiative to eliminate open defecation in India and improve solid waste
management through the ‘Swachh Bharat mission’, leads to
(A) Decline in poverty rates
(B) Improve employment opportunities
(C) Improve public health and foster a culture of cleanliness
(D) Inadequate infrastructure
(E) Answer not known
Correct Answer: C) Improve public health and foster a culture of cleanliness
Explanation:
The Swachh Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission) was launched on October 2, 2014 with specific objectives related to sanitation and cleanliness.
(A) Decline in poverty rates ✗ NOT THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
- While improved sanitation can have indirect economic benefits, poverty reduction is NOT the direct goal of Swachh Bharat Mission
- Poverty alleviation requires comprehensive economic policies, employment generation, and income support programs
- This is too indirect to be the main outcome
(B) Improve employment opportunities ✗ NOT THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
- While the mission may create some employment (sanitation workers, construction of toilets), employment generation is NOT its primary focus
- The mission is about sanitation and cleanliness, not job creation
- This is a secondary effect, not the main goal
(C) Improve public health and foster a culture of cleanliness ✓ CORRECT
- This is the PRIMARY AND DIRECT OBJECTIVE of Swachh Bharat Mission
- Improved public health through:
- Elimination of open defecation reduces spread of diseases
- Better waste management prevents contamination
- Reduces diarrheal diseases, parasitic infections, malnutrition
- Improves child mortality rates
- Foster culture of cleanliness through:
- Behavioral change campaigns
- Community participation
- Awareness programs
- Making cleanliness a mass movement
- These are the STATED GOALS of the mission
(D) Inadequate infrastructure ✗ THIS IS A PROBLEM, NOT AN OUTCOME
- This describes a challenge or obstacle, not a positive outcome/result
- The mission aims to BUILD infrastructure (toilets, waste management systems), not create inadequacy
- This option doesn’t make logical sense as an outcome
Key Facts about Swachh Bharat Mission:
Launch Details:
- Launched: October 2, 2014 (Gandhi Jayanti)
- Target: October 2, 2019 (150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi)
- Two Components:
- Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) – Rural
- Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban)
Primary Objectives:
- Eliminate open defecation
- Eradication of manual scavenging
- Modern and scientific municipal solid waste management
- Behavioral change regarding healthy sanitation practices
- Generate awareness about sanitation and its linkage with public health
- Capacity augmentation for urban local bodies
Expected Outcomes:
- Public health improvements: Reduced water-borne diseases, improved hygiene
- Dignity and safety: Especially for women and girls
- Environmental cleanliness: Better waste management
- Cultural change: Making cleanliness a jan andolan (people’s movement)
Health Impact:
- Reduced diarrheal deaths
- Lower incidence of malnutrition
- Prevention of parasitic infections
- Improved maternal and child health
Exam Tip:
- Focus on direct outcomes vs indirect effects
- Swachh Bharat = Sanitation + Public Health + Behavioral Change
- Don’t confuse with other missions: Poverty (MGNREGA, PMAY), Employment (Skill India, Make in India)
- Remember Gandhi’s emphasis on cleanliness: “Sanitation is more important than independence”
- The mission’s tagline emphasizes health and cleanliness, not economic benefits
Q.136. Which of the following is incorrectly paired in rural-urban migration?
| (1) Rural to rural migration | Reverse push back |
| (2) Rural to urban migration | Push – Pull activity |
| (3) Urban to urban migration | Urban turnover |
| (4) Urban to rural migration | Rural turnover |
Options:
(A) (1) and (4)
(B) (1) and (2)
(C) (2) and (3)
(D)(3) and (4)
(E) Answer not known
Correct Answer: (A) (1) and (4)
Explanation:
Analysis of each pair:
- Rural to rural migration – Reverse push back
- Rural to rural migration typically occurs due to agricultural opportunities, marriage, or better farming conditions in another rural area
- “Reverse push back” is not a standard term in migration theory
- This pairing appears incorrect
- Rural to urban migration – Push-Pull activity
- This is the classic and correct pairing
- Push factors: poverty, lack of opportunities, unemployment in rural areas
- Pull factors: better jobs, education, healthcare, amenities in urban areas
- This is a fundamental concept in migration studies
- Urban to urban migration – Urban turnover
- Urban to urban migration typically involves job transfers, career advancement, or better urban opportunities
- “Urban turnover” can refer to residential mobility within urban systems
- This pairing is reasonable/correct
- Urban to rural migration – Rural turnover
- Urban to rural migration is often called “counter-urbanization” or “return migration”
- “Rural turnover” is not a standard term for this type of migration
- This pairing appears incorrect
Conclusion:
Pairs (1) and (4) use non-standard or incorrect terminology (“Reverse push back” and “Rural turnover” respectively), while pairs (2) and (3) use established migration concepts.
Correct Answer: (A) (1) and (4)
Q.137. Assertion (A): Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories.
Reason (R): Migration can be external or international.
(A) (A) is true but (R) is false
(B) (A) is false and (R) is true
(C) Both (A) and (R) are true
(D) Both ( A) and (R) are false
(E) Answer not known
Correct Answer: (C) Both (A) and (R) are true
Explanation:
Analyse both the Assertion and Reason statements:
Assertion (A): Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories.
- This is a TRUE statement
- Migration is indeed defined as the movement of people from one place to another
- This can be across regions (within a country) or territories (across borders)
- This is a fundamental and accurate definition of migration
Reason (R): Migration can be external or international.
- This is also a TRUE statement
- Migration is classified as:
- Internal migration: Movement within a country (across regions/states)
- External/International migration: Movement across national borders
- The statement correctly identifies one major category of migration (external/international)
Relationship between (A) and (R):
Both statements are true. The Reason provides a classification/example that supports the broader definition given in the Assertion. While the Reason doesn’t explain the complete scope of the Assertion (it only mentions external/international migration and doesn’t mention internal migration), both statements are factually correct.
Correct Answer: (C) Both (A) and (R) are true
Explanation: Migration is correctly defined as the movement of people across regions and territories. This movement can indeed be categorised as internal (within a country) or external/international (across national borders). Both statements are independently true and related to the concept of migration, even though the Reason only partially illustrates the types of migration mentioned in the Assertion.
Q.138. Which of the following are correctly paired?
| (1) Kurinji | – Parrot |
| (2) Mullai | – Wild-cock |
| (3) Marudam | – Lark |
| (4) Neydal | – Owl |
| (5) Palai | – Pigeon |
(A) (1), (2), (3), (4), (5)
(B) (2), (3), (4)
(C) (3), (4), (5)
(D) (1), (2), (5)
(E) Answer not known
Correct Answer: (D) (1), (2), (5)
Explanations:
Here are all 5 Thinais with their associated elements from Sangam literature:
In Sangam literature, the five landscapes (thinai) are associated with specific animals, birds, flowers, seasons, and emotions. Let’s match each bird with its correct landscape:
✅ (1) Kurinji – Parrot
- Correct
- Kurinji represents mountainous regions. The parrot is one of the birds associated with this tinai.
✅ (2) Mullai – Wild-cock
- Correct
- Mullai refers to forest and pastoral lands. The wild-cock (jungle fowl) is traditionally linked to this landscape.
❌ (3) Marudam – Lark
- Incorrect
- Marudam represents agricultural lands. The lark is not a traditional association; instead, birds like the crane or heron are more commonly mentioned.
❌ (4) Neydal – Owl
- Incorrect
- Neydal refers to coastal regions. The owl is not typically associated here; seagulls or water birds are more fitting.
✅ (5) Palai – Pigeon
- Correct
- Palai symbolizes arid, dry zones. The pigeon is one of the birds linked to this tinai
| Element | KURINJI (குறிஞ்சி) Mountain / Hill | MULLAI (முல்லை) Forest / Pastoral | MARUDAM (மருதம்) Agricultural / Fertile land | NEITHAL (நெய்தல்) Coastal / Maritime | PALAI (பாலை) Arid / Desert |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theme | Love / Union (களவு) | Patient waiting / Awaiting lover’s return (இருத்தல், ஊடல்) | Lovers’ quarrel / Infidelity (ஊடல், பிரிவு) | Pining / Lamentation for absent lover (இரங்கல், பிரிவாற்றாமை) | Separation / Elopement (பிரிதல்) |
| Presiding Deity / God ஆரணங்கு (தெய்வம்) | Murugan (முருகன்) | Mayon (Vishnu / Krishna) (திருமால்) | Indra (இந்திரன்) | Varunan (Sea god) (வருணன்) | Korravai (Durga) (கொற்றவை) |
| Typical Town / Market (ஊர்) | Sirukudi (சிறுகுடி) | Paadi (பாடி) | Perur, Muthur (பேரூர், மூதூர்) | Paakkam, Patinam (பாக்கம், பட்டினம்) | Kurumbu (குறும்பு) |
| Water (நீர்) | Waterfalls, mountain springs (Sunai neer) | River, pond (ஆறு, குளம்) | Rivers, irrigation channels (நதி, கால்வாய்) | Sea, backwaters (கடல், கழிமுகம்) | Dried up ponds, scarce water |
| Trees (மரம்) | Aakhil, Vengai, Teak சந்தனம்,தேக்கு, அகில், மூங்கில் | Mullai, Kondrai, Kuraa கொன்றை, குருந்தம், காயா | Maruda tree, Palmyra காஞ்சி, வஞ்சி, மருதம் | Neithal, Punai, Punnai புன்னை, ஞாழல் | Palai, Cactus, Thorny bushes உழிஞை, பாலை, ஓமை |
| Flower (பூ) | Kurinji, Kandhal (குறிஞ்சிப் பூ, காந்தள் பூ, வேங்கைப் பூ) | Mullai (Jasmine) (முல்லை, பிடவம், தோன்றி) | Lotus, Lily (தாமரை, குவளை) | Neithal (water lily), Thaazhai (நெய்தல், தாழை) | குரவம் பூ மரவம் பூ |
| Animals (விலங்கு) | Tiger, Bear, Lion, Deer, Elephant (புலி, யானை, கரடி, சிங்கம்) | Deer, Rabbit (மான், முயல்) | Buffalo, Otter (எருமை, நீர்நாய்) | Shark (சுறாமீன்) | Wolf, Fox (செந்நாய்) |
| Bird (பறவை) | Parrot, Peacock (கிளி, மயில்) | Wild-cock (காட்டுக்கோழி) | Swan, Stork/Heron, Waterfowl (அன்னம், நாரை, மகன்றில்) | Seagull (கடல் காகம்) | Pigeon, Eagle, Vulture (புறா, கழுகு, பருந்து) |
| People / Communities | Veppan, Kuravar, Kurathiyar, Kanavar, Kodichi பொருப்பன், வெற்பன், சிலம்பன், குறத்தி, கொடிச்சி / கானவர், குறவர் – குறத்தியர் | Idayan, Idachiyar, Ayar, Ayachiyar இடையர் – இடைச்சியர், ஆயர் – ஆய்ச்சியர் | Uzhavar, Uzhathiyar, Kadaiyar உழவர் – உழத்தியர், கடையர் – கடைசியர் | Parathavar, Parathiyar, Nulaiyar நுளையர் – நுளைச்சியர், பரதர் – பரத்தியர் | Eyinar, Eyinaar, Maravar, Kalvar எயினர் – எயிற்றியர், மறவர் – மறத்தியர் |
| Food / Staples | Malainel, Thinai (millet) (மலைநெல், தினை, மூங்கில்அரிசி) | Varagu (வரகு, சாமை, முதிரை) | Rice, sugarcane (நெல்லரிசி) | Fish, Salt (மீனும் உப்பும் விற்றுப் பெற்ற உணவுப் பொருள்) | Varagu (dry millet) (வழிப்பறி, கொள்ளையிட்டுக் கவர்ந்தவை) |
| Occupation | Honey extraction, tuber mining, millet preservation (வெறியாடல், தினையும் மலை நெல்லும் விதைத்தல், தேன் அழித்தல், கிழங்கு எடுத்தல், அருவி நீர் ஆடல்) | Cattle rearing, dairy farming (சாமை, வரகு விதைத்தல் களை கட்டல், கடா விடல், குழலூதுதல் குரவை ஆடுதல், கொல்லேறு தழுவுதல்) | Agriculture, paddy farming (வயல் களை கட்டல், அரிதல், கடா விடல், விழாச்செய்தல், புதுநீர் ஆடுதல்) | Fishing, salt-making, boat building (மீன் பிடித்தல், உப்பு உண்டாக்கல், மீன் உணக்கல், கடல் ஆடுதல்) | Robbery, hunting, guarding (போர், பகற்சூறை ஆடல்) |
| Pan (Music) | Kurinji Pan (குறிஞ்சிப் பண்) | Mullai Pan (சாதாரி) | Marudam Pan (மருதப் பண்) | Neithal Pan (செவ்வழிப் பண்) | Palai Pan (பஞ்சுரம்) |
| Yazh (Instrument) | Kurinji Yazh (குறிஞ்சி யாழ்) | Mullai Yazh (முல்லை யாழ்) | Marudam Yazh (மருத யாழ்) | Neithal Yazh (விளரி யாழ்) | Palai Yazh (பாலை யாழ்) |
| Parai / Drum | Thondagam (தொண்டகப் பறை) | Vilari Parai (ஏறுகோட்பறை) | (நெல்லரி, கிணை, மண முழவு) | Navay Parai (மீன்கோட் பறை, நாவாய்ப் பம்பை) | Tumpai Parai (துடி) |
| திணை | நிலம் |
|---|---|
| குறிஞ்சி | மலையும் மலை சார்ந்த நிலமும் |
| முல்லை | காடும் காடு சார்ந்த நிலமும் |
| மருதம் | வயலும் வயல் சார்ந்த நிலமும் |
| நெய்தல் | கடலும் கடல் சார்ந்த நிலமும் |
Q.139. Read the following assertion and reason and select the correct answer from the code
given below:
Assertion (a): In 1801 the British attacked Sivagangai with a powerful army.
Reason (R): In 1801 the Marudhu brother Chinna Marudhu gave asylum to Oomaidurai.
(A) (A) is true but (R)is false
(B) (A) is false but (R) is true
(C) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(D) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not a correct explanation of (A)
(E) Answer not known
Correct Answer: (C) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Explanation:
Assertion (A): TRUE
- In 1801, the British indeed attacked Sivagangai with a powerful army
- This was part of the British campaign to suppress the Marudhu Brothers’ rebellion
Reason (R): TRUE
- The Marudhu Brothers (Periya Marudhu and Chinna Marudhu) gave asylum to Oomathurai (also spelled Oomaidurai), the brother of Kattabomman
- This happened after Veerapandiya Kattabomman was captured and executed by the British in 17th October 1799 at Kayattar.
Causation: (R) correctly explains (A)
- The British attacked Sivagangai BECAUSE the Marudhu Brothers harbored Oomathurai
- By giving refuge to Kattabomman’s brother, the Marudhu Brothers defied British authority
- This act of defiance was a direct provocation that led to the British military attack
- The Reason (giving asylum) is the direct cause of the Assertion (British attack)
QUICK REVISION GUIDE: MARUDHU BROTHERS & SIVAGANGAI
Timeline of Events:
1799:
- Veerapandiya Kattabomman captured and hanged at Kayathar (October 16, 1799)
- His brother Oomathurai escaped
1800-1801:
- Marudhu Brothers gave asylum to Oomathurai in Sivagangai
- This angered the British East India Company
- British demanded surrender of Oomathurai
1801:
- British attacked Sivagangai with a large force
- Marudhu Brothers and Oomathurai resisted
- Eventually defeated by superior British forces
October 1801:
- Marudhu Brothers captured
- Executed at Tirupathur fort (October 24, 1801)
- Oomathurai also captured and executed
KEY PERSONALITIES:
1. Marudhu Brothers (மருது சகோதரர்கள்):
- Periya Marudhu (பெரிய மருது)
- Chinna Marudhu (சின்ன மருது)
- Served as commanders (sarvaikkarar) in Sivagangai
- Ruled on behalf of Rani Velu Nachiyar initially
- Led one of the earliest armed resistances against British
2. Oomathurai (ஊமைத்துரை):
- Brother of Veerapandiya Kattabomman
- Also known as Oomaidurai
- Continued resistance after Kattabomman’s death
- Sought refuge with Marudhu Brothers
3. Veerapandiya Kattabomman (வீரபாண்டிய கட்டபொம்மன்):
- Polygar of Panchalankurichi
- Refused to pay tribute to British
- Executed in 1799
- National hero of Tamil resistance
SIVAGANGAI KINGDOM:
Location: Present-day Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu
Key Features:
- One of the 72 Palayams (chieftaincies) under Madurai Nayak
- Strategic importance in South Tamil Nadu
- Center of anti-British resistance
Important Rulers:
- Rani Velu Nachiyar (first queen to fight British)
- Marudhu Brothers (as regents/commanders)
THE 1801 PROCLAMATION:
Significance:
- Marudhu Brothers issued a proclamation calling for united resistance
- Considered one of the first calls for Indian independence
- Predated the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny by 56 years
- Written in Tamil, distributed widely
Content:
- Called for overthrowing British rule
- Urged all palayakkarars to unite
- Demanded restoration of indigenous rule
BRITISH SUPPRESSION:
Strategy:
- Overwhelming military force
- Systematic destruction of forts
- Divide and rule among palayakkarars
- Harsh punishments to deter future rebellions
Outcome:
- Sivagangai captured
- Marudhu Brothers and Oomathurai executed
- End of major resistance in South Tamil Nadu (temporarily)
- British consolidated control over polygar territories
RELATED RESISTANCE MOVEMENTS:
South Indian Palayakkarar Revolts:
- Kattabomman’s Revolt (1799)
- Panchalankurichi
- Executed at Kayathar
- Marudhu Brothers’ Revolt (1800-1801)
- Sivagangai
- Executed at Tirupathur
- Puli Thevar’s Resistance (1750s-1760s)
- Nelkatumseval
- Earlier resistance, pre-British dominance
- Dheeran Chinnamalai (1800-1805)
- Kongu region
- Guerrilla warfare against British
EXAM-FOCUSED KEY POINTS:
Why British Attacked Sivagangai in 1801:
✓ Primary Reason: Asylum given to Oomathurai ✓ Defiance of British authority ✓ Continuation of Kattabomman’s resistance ✓ Strategic importance of Sivagangai
Causation Chain:
- Kattabomman executed (1799)
- Oomathurai escapes
- Marudhu Brothers give asylum (1800-1801)
- British demand surrender
- Marudhu Brothers refuse
- British attack Sivagangai (1801) ← Direct result
Important Dates to Remember:
- 1799 – Kattabomman’s execution (October 16)
- 1801 – British attack on Sivagangai
- 1801 – Marudhu Brothers’ execution (October 24)
- 1806 – Vellore Mutiny (related resistance)
Q.140. Thirukkural is a compilation of the sublime, pure human thoughts according to M.
Ariel – Based on this saying who has referred the Thirukkural as the Tamil’s sacred book
(A) Mahatma Gandhi
(B) Arignar Anna
(C) M. Varatharajan
(D) G.U. Pope
(E) Answer not known
Correct Answer: (D) G.U. Pope
Explanation:
G.U. Pope (George Uglow Pope, 1820-1908) was a British missionary, Tamil scholar, and translator who made significant contributions to Tamil literature studies. He is famous for:
- Translating Thirukkural into English (1886)
- Referring to Thirukkural as the “Tamil Veda” or “Tamil’s sacred book”
- His translations of Tamil classics like Thiruvasagam and Naladiyar
- Describing Thirukkural as a universal ethical text
- Praise: He famously wrote, “The Kural is an integral part of the culture of the Tamils, and is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand this ancient and rich culture.”
While M. Ariel (a French scholar) praised Thirukkural as “a compilation of sublime, pure human thoughts,” it was G.U. Pope who consistently referred to it as the Tamil people’s sacred scripture, comparable to the Vedas in sanctity and ethical value.
QUICK REVISION GUIDE: THIRUKKURAL & SCHOLARS
Key Foreign Scholars on Thirukkural:
- G.U. Pope (British) 🔑
- Called it “Tamil Veda” and “Tamil’s sacred book”
- First complete English translation (1886)
- Most famous Western scholar of Thirukkural
- Albert Schweitzer (German)
- Called it “A voice of the ancient world”
- Praised its universal humanism
- M. Ariel (French)
- Described it as “Compilation of sublime, pure human thoughts”
- Emphasized its philosophical depth
- Leo Tolstoy (Russian)
- Greatly admired Thirukkural
- Translated portions into Russian
- Drew & John Lazarus (British missionaries)
- Early translators and promoters
- Helped introduce Thirukkural to the West
Indian Leaders on Thirukkural:
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Called it a “Book of universal maxims”
- Praised its non-violence principles
- Arignar Anna (C.N. Annadurai)
- Popularized Thirukkural in political discourse
- Used it extensively in speeches
- Periyar E.V. Ramasamy
- Appreciated its rational, non-religious approach
- Valued its social reform messages
- Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
- Quoted Thirukkural frequently
- Called it a “Universal text”
KEY FACTS ABOUT THIRUKKURAL:
Basic Information:
- Author: Thiruvalluvar
- Period: Estimated 3rd-1st century BCE (debated)
- Structure:
- 1,330 couplets (kurals)
- 133 chapters (adhikarams)
- 3 sections (iyal)
Three Sections (Iyal):
- Aram (அறத்துப்பால்) – Virtue/Righteousness (Chapters 1-38)
- Porul (பொருட்பால்) – Wealth/Polity (Chapters 39-108)
- Inbam (இன்பத்துப்பால்) – Love/Pleasure (Chapters 109-133)
Universal Recognition:
- Translated into 40+ languages
- Called “Universal Veda” (உலகப்பொதுமறை)
- Part of 18 Lesser Texts (பதினெண்கீழ்க்கணக்கு)
- UNESCO recognized (but not as World Heritage)
Famous Quotes about Thirukkural:
- “Tamil Veda” – G.U. Pope
- “Supreme Scripture” – Various scholars
- “Book of righteousness” – Gandhi
- “Humanity’s common scripture” – Modern scholars
EXAM TIPS:
✓ G.U. Pope = “Tamil Veda/Sacred book” (Most frequently asked) ✓ Know at least 3-4 foreign scholars and their descriptions ✓ Remember the structure: 1,330 kurals, 133 chapters, 3 sections ✓ Three sections: Aram, Porul, Inbam (Virtue, Wealth, Love) ✓ Don’t confuse scholars and their specific titles/descriptions ✓ M. Ariel praised its philosophy, but G.U. Pope called it “sacred book”
MEMORY TIP:
“Pope = Sacred” → G.U. Pope called it Tamil’s Sacred book
“Ariel = Sublime” → M. Ariel called it Sublime thoughts
What’s Next After Checking the TNPSC Group 2 Answer Key 2025?
After estimating your score with the unofficial answer key, follow these crucial steps in the TNPSC Group 2 selection process:
- Wait for the Official Answer Key: TNPSC will release it a few days after the exam. Re-check your responses carefully.
- Challenge Window: Raise objections (if needed) with valid proof during the official challenge period.
- Prelims Result & Cut-Off: Based on the final key, TNPSC will announce results and category-wise cut-off marks.
- Start Mains Preparation Early: Don’t wait for results if your score is above the expected cut-off. Focus on:
- Paper I: Tamil Eligibility Test (descriptive)
- Paper II: General Studies (descriptive – polity, science & tech, Tamil society)
- Stay Updated: Track announcements, hall tickets, and exam dates on the official TNPSC website.
👉 By preparing ahead, you’ll gain an edge in the competition and move one step closer to success in the TNPSC Group 2 Mains exam.
We hope this detailed analysis of questions 131-140 from the TNPSC Group 2 General Studies paper helps you in your score estimation. Remember to use this as a reference and wait for the official key from TNPSC for the final confirmation.
What’s Next?
1. Wait for the Official Key: TNPSC will release the official answer key soon. Use it for final verification.
2. Prepare to Raise Objections: If you find discrepancies in the official key, be ready to use the challenge window with valid proof.
3. Start Your Mains Prep Now: If your score looks promising, don’t wait for the official results. Begin your preparation for the Mains descriptive papers immediately.
4. Stay Officially Updated: Keep tracking the official TNPSC website for announcements on results, cut-offs, and Mains exam dates.
We hope this detailed analysis helps you! Leave a comment below with your estimated score!