NCERT Maths Class 6 Textbook PDF (2025–26) – Chapter-wise Free Download

Get the latest NCERT Maths Class 6 Textbook PDF for 2025–26, with chapter-wise downloads for free. These official NCERT books are essential for students preparing for school exams and serve as a crucial foundation for aspirants of competitive exams like UPSC, SSC, TNPSC, and other state-level exams. For your convenience, we have made the entire book available with direct chapter-wise download links.

Table of Contents – NCERT Class 6 Maths Textbook PDF (2025–26)

Why Use the NCERT Maths Class 6 Textbook?

• Based on the latest 2025–26 CBSE curriculum
• Clear explanations with step-by-step methods
• Great for conceptual understanding and doubt clearance
• Ideal for competitive exam preparation (UPSC/SSC/State PSCs)
• Widely used in schools across India for academic excellence

NCERT Maths Class 6 Textbook PDF: Chapter-wise Downloads (2025–26)

Below is the updated list of all 10 chapters from the Class 6 NCERT Maths textbook. Each chapter is available as a free downloadable PDF.

📌 All chapters are based on the 2025–26 NCERT curriculum and sourced from the official NCERT portal.

👉 NCERT Science Class 6 Textbook PDF 2025–26 – Chapter-wise Download

NCERT Maths Class 6 Chapter-wise Summaries for Competitive Exams

Chapter 1: Patterns in Mathematics

• Introduces mathematics as a subject built around identifying and understanding patterns, both numerical and visual, which form the core of analytical thinking required in competitive exams.
• Explains the importance of number patterns, including:
  • Counting numbers
  • Odd and even numbers
  • Square and cube numbers
  • Triangular numbers
  • Powers of 2 and 3
  • Virahānka (Fibonacci-type) numbers
• Emphasizes number sequences as a foundation for number theory, which is vital in exams like UPSC CSAT, SSC CGL, TNPSC, and other aptitude-based assessments.
• Encourages visualization of patterns using diagrams and dot arrangements to reinforce conceptual understanding — a skill transferable to reasoning and figure-based problems in competitive exams.
• Demonstrates how adding sequences (e.g., sum of odd numbers or symmetric sequences) leads to patterns like square numbers, highlighting the mathematical beauty and logic behind them.
• Introduces shape patterns, such as:
  • Regular polygons (triangle, square, pentagon, etc.)
  • Stacked triangles and squares
  • Koch snowflake fractals
  • Complete graphs (K2, K3, K4, etc.)
• Shows how shape sequences relate to number sequences, building connections between geometry and arithmetic — helpful in solving mixed-concept problems in exams.
• Encourages students to look for hidden relationships between patterns, improving skills in abstraction, logical deduction, and problem-solving.
• Serves as an excellent foundation for later topics like algebra, geometry, and number systems — all of which appear in various competitive exams.

👉 Download Chapter 1: Patterns in Mathematics Summary PDF

Chapter 2: Lines and Angles

• Essential Geometric Foundations: Introduces key terms such as points, lines, rays, line segments, and planes — the building blocks for geometry questions in UPSC, SSC, TNPSC, and other competitive exams.
• Types of Angles Covered: Clearly explains acute, right, obtuse, straight, and reflex angles, which frequently appear in Quantitative Aptitude and Reasoning sections.
• Angle Relationships: Highlights critical concepts like complementary and supplementary angles, adjacent angles, linear pairs, and vertically opposite angles — often tested in exams with diagram-based problems.
• Understanding Lines and Transversals: Covers different types of lines such as parallel, perpendicular, and intersecting lines, and introduces transversals and the angles formed — foundational for advanced geometry topics.
• Preparation Booster: Mastery of this chapter strengthens your base for higher-level topics like triangles, polygons, and circle theorems, often asked in competitive and state-level exams.

👉 Download Chapter 2: Lines and Angles Summary PDF

Chapter 3: Number Play

• Strengthens Arithmetic Foundations: Covers practical applications of numbers including patterns, digit operations, and numerical reasoning — useful for exams like SSC, UPSC CSAT, RRB, and State PSCs.
• Logical Reasoning and Puzzle Solving: Includes activities like supercells, palindromes, and the Collatz Conjecture, which enhance problem-solving and analytical skills often tested in reasoning sections.
• Number Properties & Patterns: Explores concepts like digit sums, place value games, number lines, and reverse-addition logic — all of which improve mental math and estimation abilities.
• Real-Life Applications of Maths: Through activities involving clocks, calendars, and estimation, students gain the skills to apply math in day-to-day decisions — a valued ability in banking and aptitude exams.
• Focus on Computational Thinking: Builds the habit of structured thinking and strategy development, preparing aspirants for high-level questions in UPSC Prelims (CSAT), SSC CGL, Group 1/2 TNPSC, and even bank exams.
• Fun with Numbers: Introduces engaging challenges like the Kaprekar constant and 21-number game, promoting interest while developing logical flow and strategy planning, useful for game-theory based questions.

👉 Download Chapter 3: Number Play

Chapter 4: Data Handling and Presentation

• Introduces Data Concepts Clearly: Defines what constitutes data — facts, numbers, measures — and how data plays a critical role in information-based decision-making, vital for exams like SSC, Banking, and UPSC.
• Develops Data Interpretation Skills: Teaches how to collect, organize, and tabulate data, forming the base for Data Interpretation (DI) questions in quantitative sections of competitive exams.
• Tally Marks & Frequency Tables: Builds accuracy in using tally marks and frequency charts, which are essential in solving grouped data and survey-based questions in exams like RRB NTPC or SSC CGL.
• Visual Representation Mastery: Explains how to create and interpret pictographs and bar graphs, strengthening the ability to answer graph-based aptitude and analytical reasoning questions quickly.
• Understanding Scales & Keys: Emphasizes choosing correct scales, interpreting symbols, and spotting misleading graphs — a key skill in data reasoning questions often found in Banking prelims and CSAT.
• Application Through Real-Life Data: Uses relatable examples (favourite games, sweets, travel modes) to teach how to extract and compare insights, a skill directly transferable to chart and table-based questions in competitive papers.
• Builds Critical Thinking: Encourages discussions around data interpretation, enhancing analytical reasoning and decision-making — particularly useful for Case Study-type questions in new exam patterns.
• Covers Both Concept & Aesthetic Elements: Highlights not only how to present data correctly but also the importance of visual clarity — useful for those entering roles in Data Analysis, Teaching, or Research fields.

👉 Download Chapter 4: Data Handling and Presentation

Chapter 5: Prime Time

• Builds Core Number Sense: Introduces crucial concepts like factors, multiples, prime numbers, composite numbers, and co-primes, which are foundational for all Quantitative Aptitude and Number System questions in UPSC CSAT, SSC, Banking, TNPSC, and other exams.
• Strengthens Divisibility Concepts: Explains divisibility rules for numbers like 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 10 — essential for quick problem-solving in time-bound competitive papers.
• Master Prime Factorisation: Teaches how to break down any number into its prime components. This is key for solving LCM, HCF, and simplification problems in exams like SSC CGL and Group 2 TNPSC.
• Real-Life Learning via Games: Engages students through the ‘Idli-Vada’ number game, promoting a deep understanding of common multiples and number patterns, often tested in logical reasoning sections.
• Learn with Visuals: Uses thread art, grids, and puzzles to illustrate concepts like co-primes, enabling both visual learners and analytical thinkers to grasp number relationships easily.
• Perfect Numbers & Puzzles: Covers special number categories (like perfect numbers, twin primes, and puzzles involving digit properties), which are frequent in Olympiad-type questions and UPSC CSAT odd-one-out or number logic MCQs.
• Critical Thinking Enhancement: Activities like finding safe number pairs, figuring common factors, and solving prime grids sharpen analytical thinking — vital for high-scoring candidates.

👉 Download Chapter 5: Prime Time

Chapter 6: Perimeter and Area

• Covers Essential Geometry Formulas: Introduces core formulas for perimeter and area of common shapes like squares, rectangles, and triangles — vital for Quantitative Aptitude sections in SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, and Banking exams.
• Real-World Applications: Demonstrates how to calculate fencing length, floor tiling area, and layout measurements — all of which help build practical problem-solving skills asked in real-life scenario-based questions.
• Strengthens Calculation Speed: Reinforces quick application of formulas like
  • Perimeter of rectangle = 2 × (length + breadth)
  • Area of square = side × side
  • Area of rectangle = length × breadth
  • Area of triangle = ½ × base × height
• Encourages Visual Understanding: Explores grid paper methods, shape puzzles, and tangrams, which improve spatial reasoning — useful in figure-based and analytical reasoning questions in exams.
• Important Concept Highlights:
  • Learn that figures with same area may have different perimeters, and vice versa — frequently used in reasoning-type MCQs.
  • Emphasizes estimating and calculating area using unit squares, which enhances your ability to answer diagrammatic and map-based questions.
• Ideal Foundation for Geometry Topics in Exams: The basics covered here are directly linked to advanced geometry, mensuration, and data interpretation questions in exams like SSC CGL Tier-II, UPSC Prelims CSAT, and TNPSC Group 1.

👉 Download Chapter 6: Perimeter and Area

Chapter 7: Fractions

• Introduction to Fractions:
  Understand how whole quantities can be divided into equal parts. This forms the basis for solving questions in arithmetic and logical reasoning.
• Fractional Units:
  Learn about unit fractions like ½, ⅓, ¼, and how they relate to equal sharing — a skill tested in SSC and Banking exams.
• Comparing Fractions:
  Practice comparing different fractions using number lines and equivalent fractions — essential for Data Interpretation and Quantitative Aptitude.
• Operations with Fractions:
  Study the addition and subtraction of fractions using Brahmagupta’s method — often tested in UPSC CSAT and other aptitude tests.
• Mixed Numbers:
  Learn to convert improper fractions to mixed numbers and vice versa — useful for solving ratio, percentage, and proportion problems.
• Fraction Walls & Equivalent Fractions:
  Visual tools like the fraction wall aid in understanding fraction equivalence — strengthens problem-solving and diagram-based questions.
• Applications in Word Problems:
  Apply fractional knowledge to real-life scenarios — helps with word problems in TNPSC and RRB exams.
• Historical Insight:
  Discover the roots of fraction concepts from Indian mathematicians like Brahmagupta — adds value to general awareness or GK sections in some exams.

👉 Download Chapter 7: Fractions

Chapter 8: Playing with Constructions

• Introduces foundational geometry tools and drawing techniques using a ruler and compass, which are essential for understanding constructions in higher-level geometry.
• Teaches how to construct basic shapes such as lines, angles, circles, squares, and rectangles — all of which form the basis for advanced questions in SSC, UPSC CSAT, and TNPSC geometry sections.
• Enhances understanding of radius, diameter, center of a circle, and how to use a compass for accurate geometric figures — useful for solving construction-based or reasoning-type problems.
• Covers naming conventions and properties of shapes (especially rectangles and squares), building precision in interpretation — important for diagram and coordinate geometry questions.
• Introduces hands-on exploration with figures like waves, eyes, and person shapes, which helps build spatial reasoning — often tested in visual reasoning or figure-based questions in exams.
• Focuses on properties of rotated figures (e.g., rotated squares still being squares), which improves conceptual clarity and classification skills needed in aptitude tests.
• Develops logical planning and sequencing for geometric construction — a skill often required in mathematics pedagogy, teaching exams, or logical ordering MCQs.
• Explores diagonals, angles, and symmetry in rectangles and squares, helping learners analyze and predict geometric properties — directly linked to questions in Mensuration and Geometry in competitive exams.
• Encourages visualization and real-world applications of construction methods — beneficial for interpreting blueprints, charts, and diagram-based data.

👉 Download Chapter 8: Playing with Constructions

Chapter 9: Symmetry

• Introduces the concept of symmetry in shapes and patterns, which is foundational for understanding geometry, design patterns, and analytical reasoning in exams like SSC, UPSC, Banking, and State PSCs.
• Explains line of symmetry, where a figure can be folded into two matching halves — a key idea for identifying mirror images in visual reasoning.
• Demonstrates how to find multiple lines of symmetry in common shapes like squares, rectangles, triangles, and circles — important for figure-based questions and geometry MCQs.
• Introduces reflection symmetry with practical examples such as ink blot patterns and paper folding, helping learners visualize symmetry in everyday objects.
• Covers rotational symmetry, where shapes look the same after a certain degree of rotation (e.g., 90°, 180°, 270°, 360°) — frequently asked in reasoning and pattern-based questions.
• Explains the order of rotational symmetry and how to calculate the smallest angle of rotation — useful for diagram interpretation and symmetry-based logic puzzles.
• Encourages pattern discovery using radial symmetry, common in mandalas, rangoli, and architecture — these visual patterns often appear in competitive exam visuals or analytical diagrams.
• Teaches how to create symmetric figures through folding and cutting, reinforcing the practical understanding of symmetry used in design reasoning and spatial intelligence assessments.
• Highlights how different geometric figures can have combinations of line and rotational symmetry — a topic often covered in aptitude, reasoning, and visual classification test questions.

👉 Download Chapter 9: Symmetry

Chapter 10: The Other Side of Zero

• Introduction to Integers: This chapter introduces negative numbers and zero, forming the full number line, a fundamental concept in mathematics and essential for competitive exams.
• Real-World Applications: Concepts are taught using relatable models like elevators, temperature changes, mining levels, bank credits/debits, and geographical elevation — all useful analogies for questions in exams like UPSC, SSC, and TNPSC.
• Addition and Subtraction of Integers: Students learn how to add and subtract integers using models like lifts, number lines, and token systems. These visual strategies help in mastering algebraic thinking, often tested in quantitative aptitude sections.
• Positive vs. Negative Number Movement: The concepts of direction (up/down or left/right) reinforce the understanding of how numbers behave — crucial for logical reasoning and data interpretation sections.
• Use of Number Line and Zero: Understanding the placement of zero and its role as the neutral integer aids in quickly solving comparison and equation-based problems.
• Brahmagupta’s Rules: The chapter integrates historical Indian mathematics, especially Brahmagupta’s rules for integer operations — connecting cultural learning with mathematical logic.
• Practical Skills: Exercises involving token subtraction, floor comparison, and inverse operations build accuracy and speed — essential for time-bound competitive exams.

👉 Download Chapter 10: The Other Side of Zero

Who Should Use This Page?

This NCERT Maths Class 6 textbook download page is perfect for:

• Students in CBSE schools looking for digital resources
• UPSC, SSC, TNPSC and other exam aspirants building foundation
• Parents and teachers seeking reliable study material

How to Use This NCERT Class 6 Maths Book for Competitive Exams

If you’re preparing for UPSC, SSC, TNPSC, or other state-level government exams, this NCERT Class 6 Maths textbook is your perfect starting point. Here’s how to use it effectively to build a strong quantitative foundation:

• Understand Core Concepts: Start with fundamentals like Fractions, Data Handling, Number Play, and Geometry basics. These topics often appear in the General Aptitude or Quantitative Aptitude sections of competitive exams.
• Practice Chapter-End Exercises: The book includes well-structured questions designed to strengthen your problem-solving skills. Solving these builds accuracy and confidence.
• Link Concepts to Real Exam Questions: Many competitive exam questions are directly inspired by NCERT examples. Try mapping chapter topics with previous-year question papers.
• Revise Regularly: Use this book to revise basics before moving to advanced guides like RS Aggarwal or exam-specific question banks.
• Use it as a Reference Guide: Even if you’re in higher grades or already in exam prep mode, keep this book handy to revisit foundational concepts quickly.

By thoroughly mastering the Class 6 Maths NCERT book, you lay the groundwork for tackling more complex math problems in exams like UPSC CSAT, SSC CGL Tier-I, Banking Prelims, and State PSC aptitude tests.

Effective Study Tips for NCERT Maths Class 6 (2025–26)

• Begin with the basics: Understand the core concepts in each chapter before moving to exercises.
• Solve all examples: Don’t skip solved examples—they build the foundation for practice questions.
• Practice end-of-chapter exercises: These problems often reflect the style of school tests and competitive exams.
• Revise regularly: Use the downloaded PDFs on your phone or laptop for quick daily reviews.
• Use NCERT Exemplar Problems: Combine your textbook with exemplar books for deeper conceptual clarity.
• Track progress: Create a checklist to track completed chapters, summaries, and solved exercises.

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